B200 TMA02-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

B200 TMA02-1 - Essay Example decades as the cartelization of the oil markets is often viewed as a failure of market forces since prices and output are heavily influenced by the cartel leaving aside the market forces to determine the correct demand and supply of oil in the international market. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- is the name which is given to the cartel of oil producing countries in Middle East in a bid to control the oil production as well as regulation the oil prices. This formation of cartels is therefore, often viewed as one of the reasons for failure of market forces at work because by not letting a market to determine the demand and supply, such actions create disequilibrium into markets. Therefore, markets are more prone to external shocks causing them not to function in their most appropriate way. Neoliberalism is the basic fundamental philosophy which advocates the lesser role of governments or other external agencies in regulating the market and emphasize giving a chance to the market forces to work for the greater good of the society. Due to this philosophical drive, most of the developed countries in the world including US and UK shifted their policy framework in a way which advocated the use of market forces as the lone regulator of the market without much intervention from the State. There were reasons behind this shift into the policy response from the developed world because of the increasing external shocks experienced by the developed countries, especially from oil embargo by oil producing countries from Gulf Region. Behind the neoliberalism also lies the fact that market forces are considered as the best regulators of the price mechanism within an economy by correctly and efficiently pricing the demand and supply and secondly, this mechanism brings in more efficiency into the system. However, any distortion in this mechanism can lead to the inefficient employment of resources hence the economy may not work at the full employment

Caffeine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Caffeine - Research Paper Example It is a drug of dependence. â€Å"Caffeine is a drug that maintains an enigmatic existence somewhere in the middle of lower end of continuum of dependence—producing drugs. It is not readily categorized with known drugs of dependence, such as cocaine, nicotine, heroin and ethanol. On the other hand, caffeine does elicit some effects typical of dependence-producing drugs.†(Gupta, p.143)Does caffeine secure respectability in the culinary culture and acceptance as harmless for human consumption? The answer is in the negative viewed from any angle. Let’s agree that Caffeine is the world’s most popular drug. Though this is mostly related to coffee, it is also found in tea. Tea leaves contain about 3.5% caffeine. Caffeine containing soft drinks are very popular. â€Å"Caffeine taken in beverage form begins to reach all tissues of the body within five minutes. Peak blood levels are reached in about 30 minutes. Half of a given dose of caffeine is metabolized in about four hours more rapidly in smokers and less rapidly in newborn infants, in women in late pregnancy, and in sufferers from liver disease. (Caffeine†¦.) Caffeine increases blood pressure and stimulates the brain and behavior. There are many therapeutic use of caffeine, but controversies are associated with their application. Medical opinion is not unanimous about its authentic utility. As soon as it enters the body, its effect is immediate and electric! â€Å"Blood pressure, pulse rate, and stomac h acid production are increased, fat stores are broken down, and fatty acids are released into the blood stream.†(Caffeine and †¦.)Many other complications follow like, lack of energy, fatigue, and improper sleep. With alcohol consumption, it leads to deterioration of one’ health! With enough evidence against it, caffeine will always be viewed with suspicion. â€Å"Overall, the leading research projects based on objective criteria demonstrate that caffeine intake near bedtime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.decreases total